Kōkiri Learn

Background reading · The Arts

Playing together: ukulele, bass lines and ensemble skills

Where the ukulele came from, the four chords that open up hundreds of songs, and the listening skills that make a group of players sound like one.

An ensemble is any group that makes music together: a choir, a band, a kapa haka group, a school ukulele club. Playing in one is part skill, part listening and part trust.

A small instrument with a long journey

The ukulele grew from small guitar-like instruments that Portuguese immigrants from Madeira brought to Hawai'i in the late 1800s. Hawaiians made it their own, and it travelled across the Pacific. Today it is played in homes, churches and schools from Sāmoa and the Cook Islands to Aotearoa.

Four chords, hundreds of songs

A standard ukulele is tuned G, C, E, A ('Good Cooks Eat Apples'). - C: one finger on the third fret of the A string. - Am: one finger on the second fret of the G string. - F: two fingers. - G7: three fingers. With just these four, you can accompany a huge number of songs in C major and A minor.

Jobs in the ensemble

  • Melody: the tune, often sung or played on keyboard or glockenspiel. - Harmony: a second vocal line, often a 3rd above or below the melody. - Chords: ukulele or guitar strumming the harmony. - Bass: the lowest notes, usually the root of each chord, on keyboard, xylophone or bass ukulele.
  • Ensemble skills

  • Count-in: one person counts '1, 2, 3, 4' so everyone starts together. - Watch the leader: eyes up for entries, changes and the ending. - Balance: every part can be heard. If you can't hear others, play softer. - Blend: sounds join into one. Match your volume and tone to the people around you. - Keep going: if you make a mistake, drop out for a beat and come back in. The group matters more than one note.
  • Posture and breath

    Stand or sit tall, feet flat, shoulders relaxed. Breathe low, into your belly, before each phrase. Singers and players who plan their breaths sound calmer and stay in time.

    Sources and further reading

    Written for Kōkiri Learn students in our own words. Check facts against the sources.

    Used in: Harmony: Singing and Playing Together